No, they cannot. Privacy laws, such as the EU and UK GDPR, CCPA, PIPEDA, and similar laws forbid data brokers to keep and use the data provided in data removal requests for any other purpose outside the processing of the request. This means that the data received by them can only be used for identification purposes.
The most data brokers can do is keep a bare minimum of this data in their suppression file, which would prevent your information from getting into their databases in the future.
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